Tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs dimerize and are then transported into the nucleus through the nuclear membrane to regulate specific genes. JAKs are noncovalently associated with cytokine receptors, mediate tyrosine phosphorylation of receptors, and recruit one or more STAT proteins. 2 Loss or mutation of JAK/STAT components is related to many diseases in humans. 1 JAK/STAT-mediated downstream events vary and include hematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. More than 50 cytokines and growth factors have been identified in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, such as hormones, interferons (IFN), interleukins (ILs), and colony-stimulating factors. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is regarded as one of the central communication nodes in the cell function.
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